Cystitis

Cystitis is an infection of the bladder that is caused by bacteria. It occurs most often in women because of the short length of the urethra and the proximity of the urethra to the vagina. Bacteria are often found in the vagina and sexual intercourse can sometimes force bacteria into the urethra. Cystitis can also be known as a urinary tract infection and can lead to kidney complications if left untreated.

Causes of Cystitis

Most cases of cystitis are a result of a bacterial infection, but may also develop as a result of:

  • Medication
  • Radiation
  • Medical conditions
  • Long-term use of a catheter
  • Use of diaphragm with spermicidal agents

Sexually active women are most commonly affected, but men can suffer from cystitis as well.

Symptoms of Cystitis

Cystitis may cause several uncomfortable symptoms, including:

  • Constant urge to urinate
  • Burning sensation when urinating
  • Blood in the urine
  • Pain in the pelvic area
  • Pressure in the abdomen
  • Fever

Diagnosis of Cystitis

Cystitis can be diagnosed through a physical examination by a doctor who may also perform the following tests:

  • Urine Analysis
  • Cystoscopy
  • Ultrasound or X-ray may be used in some cases to diagnose other bladder problems

Treatment of Cystitis

Cystitis is usually treated through antibiotics. Cases caused by noninfectious factors are treated for the underlying cause.

Prevention of Cystitis

Although not all cases of cystitis can be avoided, there are several recommendations for reducing the risk of cystitis. They may include:

  • Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water and cranberry juice
  • Urinating frequently
  • Maintaining proper genital hygiene

Additional Resources