Epididymitis is a bacterial infection or swelling of the epididymis, a tube behind the testicle that is responsible for storing and carrying sperm. Epididymitis is generally characterized by pain, swelling and tenderness in the scrotum. Epididymitis most commonly affects men in their 20s or 30s, although it can occur at any age.
Causes of Epididymitis
Epididymitis may occur as a result of some of the following conditions:
Sexually transmitted disease
Urinary tract infection
Bacterial infection
Enlargement of the prostate
Symptoms of Epididymitis
Symptoms of epididymitis vary depending on the cause. They may include:
Warmth, tenderness or swelling of the scrotum
Painful intercourse or ejaculation
Blood in the semen
Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis
Penile discharge
A lump on the testicle
Testicle pain
Chills or fever
Diagnosis of Epididymitis
To diagnose epididymitis, a physician will perform a physical examination. To identify the exact cause of the symptoms, the following tests may also be administered:
Ultrasound imaging
STD screening
Urinalysis
Blood test
Rectal and/or prostate examination
Treatment of Epididymitis
Treatment of epididymitis may include:
Antibiotics
Anti-inflammatory medication for discomfort
Bed rest and elevation of the scrotum
For severe cases of epididymitis that do not respond to any of the above treatments, an epididymectomy may be performed. This process surgically removes the epididymis while leaving the testicles in place.